WEEK 7

Title of activity

• Make the research about the Arduino software because our project are use Arduino programming.
• Research on ISIS Proteus for simulation

Objective

• To identified the suitable Arduino coding for our project.
• To try an error of the coding.
• Integrate Software and Hardware on ISIS Proteus Simulation

Arduino

As mention earlier in the previous week there has a control unit that connect the input part and output part. This project is based on Arduino as the control unit. This week activity is get to know about Arduino. What is the main characteristic of the micro controller. What type of input to use ADC and more.

Analog Input

The real world is not digital. Considering temperature fluctuation as an example, it changes within some range of values and generally does not make abrupt changes over time. We often measure environmental parameters like temperature, light intensity, or whatever using analog sensors. These resulting signals are stored as sequential digital data.

Analog Signals

An example would be to measure and record room temperature every minute. One could watch a thermometer and write down the readings. The sequence of data would look like (in Celsius): 20.3, 20, 20.5, 21, 20.8 ...

We face a number of issues here. First of all Arduino cannot understand temperature as such, it needs to be translated into an electrical value. Second that electrical value has to be translated into a number that can be processed within Arduino.

As said, microprocessors cannot handle temperature values as humans do. We need to translate that to something the microchip can read. In order to do so, we can use sensors that will transform, in this case, temperature into a voltage value between 0 and 5 volts. This values are different from the HIGH and LOW that characterize digital signals, because they can take any value between 0 and 5 volts. 0.3 volts, 3.27 volts, 4.99 volts are possible values.

This is what we call an analog signal. It differs from the digital ones in being able of taking many more than just two values. The amount of possibilities depends only in the capabilities of the processor/micro-controller you are working with in each case. As we will see later, Arduino can only distinguish 1024 different levels between 0 and 5 volts.

Bringing Analog Signals into Arduino

Each sensor can translate a range of physical world values into electrical values. Let's imagine that our temperature sensor reads between 0C and 100C. Typically it should then assign 0 volts to 0C and 5 volts to 100C. Thanks to this we can easily translate levels of voltage into temperature and vice-versa.

The next issue has to do with the finite resolution of digital technology. Arduino has the possibility of reading values from the real world, which have been translated into electrical values between 0 and 5 volts. Try now to answer this question for a second: how many voltage values are there between 0 and 5 volts? The answer is simple: endless. Imagine two voltage values in the range we are working with, that are as close as possible, e.g. 3.4 and 3.41 volts. It is possible to have endless values in between those two: 3.401, 3.403, 3.402539 ...

This means that we would need a processor with the ability to represent endless numbers, but Arduino cannot. Therefore, we speak about different levels. In particular Arduino divides the range of 0 to 5 volts into 1024 different voltage levels or intervals. 0 volts is in the interval 0, and 5 volts in the interval 1023. In this way, 2.5 volts would be in the interval 511 as well as 2.52 volts or 2.5103.

This operation of translating an analog voltage value into different levels is what we call Analog to Digital Conversion. One small hardware part inside the microprocessor that comes with the Arduino I/O board is dedicated to translate analog voltages into these values, it is the Analog to Digital Converter also called ADC. 

Source is
HERE

 
ISIS Proteus

Alhamdulillah we found some info on youtube that Arduino can be integrated with ISIS Proteus. Simply just download the library as below:


Arduino Library        - This link will make instruction on how to get arduino inside ISIS Proteus
Youtube Video Link  - This link will show how to get HEX code from arduino and upload to Proteus



 So, Next week we will start on simulation about the project.